Word formation – from previous ‘matura’ tests – the key to the tasks will be uploaded at the weekend
PURR-FECT CLAWS
A cat’s claws are vital for its survival in the wild. With these incredibly sharp weapons, the hunter can slash, stab, and pin prey that will become its food. However, these 15.1. (DEAD) ________________ claws need to be kept razor sharp for the next kill. To 15.2. (SURE) ________________ this, most cats can 15.3. (DRAW) ___________, or retract, their claws. When the cat needs them to climb a tree or to slash and pin its prey, it makes the claws stick out of their 15.4. (PROTECT) ________________ pockets in the toes. This 15.5. (ABLE) _________________ allows the cat to run, walk, and jump without scraping its sharp claws along the ground and keeps them sharp, 15.6. (BREAK) ___________________ and clean.
Some of the most loaded words in language are those associated with the way society talks about itself, and especially about groups of people whom it perceives to be less 1.1. _________________ (FORTUNE) or oppressed. The most sensitive domains are to do with gender and race. During the 1980s, an increasing number of people tried to avoid using 1.2. _________________ (OFFEND) words or terms which might be treated as such.
Critics of the trend, which is often referred to as political correctness, argue that the search for a ‘caring’ lexicon is 1.3. _________________ (POINT), as long as the situation which the language reflects does not change. It is not as easy to manipulate language as the reformers think. 1.4. _________________ (SATISFACTION) with one term tends to spread to the new word, as has been seen with such sequences as Negro, which became black, then Afro-American, which was finally replaced by African-American.
In the early 1990s, many people reacted strongly to what they saw as a trend towards terminological absurdity. One 1.5. _________________ (CRITICISE) of the practice of political correctness is that it threatens the freedom of speech.
Easter Island is one of the world’s most 1.1. _____________________ (SPECTACLE) and enchanting archaeological sites. It is also one of the most remote places on earth – the nearest inhabited island is Pitcairn, which is over 1200 miles to the west. The island lies 1.2. _____________________ (APPROXIMATE) 2500 miles off the coast of South America, and 2000 miles away from Tahiti, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It appears, that the original 1.3. _____________________ (SETTLE) came from one of the islands of Polynesia, some time between 400-600 AD. They brought tools, food, plants and animals – with the apparent desire of beginning a new life. Perhaps they were a small clan that had fought with their neighbours and lost the 1.4. ______________ (DECIDE) battle. Perhaps they were explorers looking for their next 1.5. _____________________ (CONQUER). Or perhaps they were simply lost at sea – we’ll probably never know. abridged from ‘Earth Focus’, 2004.
COLD COMFORT INDEED
All the flu going around in the past few months has eclipsed that usual winter 1.1._______________ (COMPLAIN): the common cold. The common cold has no cure – only a host of sprays and syrups promising to 1.2._________________ (TEMPORARY) soothe its many individual symptoms. Of all the potential remedies, vitamin C is probably the best known – and it comes in tasty drops. But as for 1.3._______________ (EFFECTIVE), it gets an F. The vitamin C myth was started by the otherwise brilliant chemist Linus Pauling, who became convinced that large doses could stop a cold’s symptoms and 1.4.__________________ (SHORT) its duration. Early studies hinted that Pauling might be right, but 1.5.__________________ (SCIENCE) now say those results were evidenceof little more than a placebo effect. Patients who knew they were taking C fared well, but those who took it unknowingly did no better than the control group. Adapted from: Newsweek, 12 Jan 2004
Each of us carries around a sort of invisible bubble of personal space wherever we go. We think of the area inside the bubble as an 1.1. (EXTEND) ___________________ of our physical being. Anthropologists have defined the distances that we use in our everyday lives. We use intimate distance with people who are 1.2. (EMOTION) __________________ very close to us. On the other hand, we usually feel 1.3. (THREAT) _______________ if someone invades this most personal area without our consent. This explains the 1.4. (COMFORT) ______________ we sometimes feel when forced into crowded places like buses and lifts. The second spatial zone, called personal distance, is just beyond the other person’s reach. At this distance we can keep someone at arm’s 1.5. (LONG) ______________. The contacts are still reasonably close, but they are much less personal than the ones which occur a foot or so closer. abridged from: Looking out/Looking in by R. B. Adler, N. Towne
When was the last time you were locked up, or had your drink spiked? Even in the most 1.1.…………… (CHEER) disordered life, these are rare events, generally peculiar to youth – when you’ve got the urge for trouble and, hopefully, the resilience to deal with it. But both were in the news recently as regular 1.2. ……………… (OCCUR) for older people in 1.3. ……………………… (RESIDE) care. The Department of Health (DH) has issued the Bournewood briefing sheet, giving 1.4.…….…………… (GUIDE) on the Mental Capacity Act and confining people with dementia in hospitals and care homes. Meanwhile, Hunter Watson, from Aberdeen, has turned to the Scottish parliament to try to get “covert medication” – that is, drugs slipped into older people’s food or drink – recognised as 1.5.……………… (ACCEPT), after he caught someone dosing his mother. Adapted from: www.guardian.co.uk
IS WORK MAKING YOU FAT?
Like many office-workers, Kelly Gillstrap stares at a computer for a living. He is a program manager, and while his brain works hard, his body is essentially idle. Most workers aren’t lucky enough to have fully 2.1. (equip) ________ fitness facilities at the office. Health experts say that finding ways to fit in physical activity during the workday is an 2.2. (increase) ______________ important strategy in the battle for better results. 2.3. (obesity) _____________ workers are greatly impacting the profits of companies today. When people are healthy, sick days are few and a worker’s 2.4. (product) ______________ is greater. So, a few suggestions for employers: hold informal meetings during a walk outside, use the 2.5. (far) ____________ possible restroom in the building, go up a few flights of stairs during your coffee break. Adapted from: Newsweek 29/08/2005
Plans to improve school pupils’ diets have been 1.1. _____________________ (CAUTION) welcomed – but there are 1.2. _____________________ (WARN) that it may not be enough to address childhood obesity. School meal menus in England will be 1.3. _____________________ (HEALTH) than before, and all pupils will be offered
cookery lessons. But the Association of School and College Leaders said more must be done. Stephanie Valentine, education director of the British Nutrition Foundation, said: ‘Cookery lessons would need to be adequately resourced, and staff would need to be trained appropriately, to 1.4. _____________________ (ABLE) children to develop good cookery skills.’ The National Union of Teachers welcomed the 1.5. _____________ (ANNOUNCE) from the government that £240m extra funding would be given until 2011. adapted from BBC News
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Listening for extended ‘matura’ test May 2009:
matura maj 2009 poziom rozszerzony
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From ‘matura’ tests:
Paraphrasing
‘You have lied, John!’ exclaimed Paula.
Paula accused John …………………………………….. .
It is a shame my best friend smokes like a chimney.
I wish my best friend ………………………………………… like a chimney.
An optician should check his eyesight as soon as possible.
He should…………………………………… by an optician as soon as possible.
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Translation
Big cities are becoming (coraz bardziej) …………………………….. crowded.
When I entered her room, my sister said that she (właśnie skończyła)………...
Mr Paunch prefers (oglądać telewizję od) …………………… any kind of sport.
Mrs Piklington never goes on holiday and (jej syn też nie) ………………….. .
Where is my ring? I (musiałam go zgubić) ………………… on the way to work.
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Paraphrasing
They will take away your licence if they catch you driving so fast.
LICENCE
You ___________________________ away if they catch you driving so fast.
Poisonous snakes can rarely be seen in this part of the country.
YOU
Not often ______________________ poisonous snakes in this part of the country.
Do you mind if I try this sweater on?
OBJECTION
Do you have ________________________________ trying this sweater on?
Take this map of the area, or you’ll get lost pretty quickly.
Unless _______________ this map of the area, you’ll get lost pretty quickly.
I don’t believe it was my mother you saw in the street. It’s impossible. She is away.
You can’t _____________________ my mother in the street. She is away.
A courier is delivering the invitations today.
The invitations ___________________________ by a courier today.
‘Don’t go in there! It’s dangerous,’ my brother warned me.
My brother warned me _________________ in there as it was dangerous.
We didn’t want to get stuck in the morning traffic jam, so we left early.
We left early so that ______________ get stuck in the morning traffic jam.
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Translation
He gave me (jedną) ___________ advice: never take a job only for money.
‘Guess what, Jenny! I had a pleasant surprise yesterday.’
‘Really? So (ja też) ______________ !’
There is nobody at home. It is no (sensu czekać) ______________ for them
to open the door.
You scared me! I’d rather (żebyś nie) ____________________ take me by
surprise like that any more.
I love this room. The (meble sprawiają, że) ______________ it so cosy.
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Paraphrasing
If you see the milkman, tell him that we are leaving on Monday.
Should …………………………….. , tell him that we are leaving on Monday.
They were watering the garden from five to seven yesterday.
The garden ……………………………………………… from five to seven yesterday.
